Obesity & Energetic Offerings



David Allison, PhD, Distinguished Professor, University of Alabama

David Allison, PhD, Distinguished Professor, University of Alabama

For several months now, my colleagues at the University of Alabama have been compiling a weekly list of selected obesity related articles in a list they call Obesity and Energetic Offerings.

The list is compiled by David B. Allison, Michelle Bohan-Brown, Emily Dhurandhar, Kathryn Kaiser, and Andrew Brown.

The following is this week’s list – the selection are theirs, not mine:

Findings Contrary to Hypotheses or Common Beliefs

  • RCT: Calorie menu labeling had no effect on total calories ordered. Click Here
  • The density of healthy food outlets did not predict consumption of fruits or vegetables in NYC. Click Here
  • Densities of supermarkets and other retail outlets are not associated with fruit and vegetable purchases. Click Here
  • Non-monotonic relation of dietary energy density to body composition and growth in pigs. Click Here
  • Are plant-based diets environmentally friendly? Click Here
  • Compared with infants fed formulas, infants fed breast milk had higher fat mass at age 3 months, and lower fat-free mass at age 6-12 months. Click Here

Policy-Related

  • Unambiguous Identification of Obesity Trials. Click Here
  • Substitution Patterns Can Limit the Effects of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes on Obesity. Click Here

Sugar-Related

  • RCT: Effects of Caloric and Non-caloric Beverages Consumed Freely at Meal-time on Ad libitum intake. Click Here
  • RCT: Neither HFCS nor table sugar increases liver fat under ‘real world’ conditions. Click Here
  • RCT: Four hypocaloric diets containing different levels of sucrose or high fructose corn syrup do not produce different weight losses.Click Here

Basic Science

  • X and Y Chromosome Complement Influence Adiposity and Metabolism in Mice. Click Here
  • The immune system’s involvement in obesity-driven type 2 diabetes. Click Here
  • Accelerated fat cell aging links oxidative stress and insulin resistance in adipocytes. Click Here
  • Asthma drug amlexanox reverses obesity and diabetes in mice. Click Here
  • Children with obese fathers show epigenetic changes that may affect their health. Click Here
  • Chronic treatment with a melanocortin-4 receptor agonist causes weight loss, reduces insulin resistance, and improves cardiovascular function in obese rhesus macaques. Click Here
  • Cycles of protein restriction improved memory and slowed advance of the Alzheimer’s-like disease in mice. Click Here
  • Early Life Nutritional Programming of Obesity: Mother-Child Cohort Studies. Click Here
  • Evidence of Brown Fat Activity in Constitutional Leanness. Click Here

Gut Microbiota

  • Helicobacter pylori colonization suppressed weight gain in mice. Click Here
  • RCT: A Mixture of trans-Galactooligosaccharides Reduces Markers of Metabolic Syndrome and Modulates Fecal Microbiota and Immune Function of Overweight Adults. Click Here
  • The role of the manipulation of the gut microbiota in obesity. Click Here
  • Changes in the gut microbiota of cloned and non-cloned control pigs during development of obesity: gut microbiota during development of obesity in cloned pigs. Click Here
  • Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG improves insulin sensitivity and reduces adiposity in high-fat diet-fed mice through enhancement of adiponectin production. Click Here
  • The effect of very low food intake on digestive physiology and forage digestibility in horses. Click Here
  • The gut microbial metabolome: Modulation of cancer risk in obese individuals. Click Here

Body Composition

  • Not all fat is equal. Click Here
  • What distinguishes adipose tissue of severely obese humans who are insulin sensitive and resistant? Click Here

Clinical, Translational, Behavioral Science – Drugs

  • The Obesity Society Finds HCG Useless for Obesity. Click Here
  • Nomilin as an Anti-Obesity and Anti-Hyperglycemic Agent. Click Here
  • RCT: Effect of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist on BMI in Obese Adolescents. Click Here
  • RCT: Novel opioid receptor antagonist ALKS-33 in binge eating disorder. Click Here
  • RCT: Osmotic release oral system methylphenidate prevents weight gain during a smoking-cessation attempt in adults with ADHD.Click Here
  • Long-Acting Reversible Contraception and Type 2 Diabetes for Obese Women. Click Here

Clinical, Translational, Behavioral Science – Exercise

  • RCT: Effects of Diet and/or Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise Training on Arterial Stiffness, Adiposity, and Lean Mass in Obese Postmenopausal Women. Click Here
  • RCT: Physical activity and nutrition behavioural outcomes of a home-based intervention program for seniors. Click Here
  • RCT: Web-based Intervention to Promote Physical Activity by Sedentary Older Adults. Click Here
  • PodCast: Molly Bray on Obesity, exercise and epigenetics. Click Here
  • Association between diet and physical activity and sedentary behaviours in British children. Click Here
  • Effects of Rain on Energy Metabolism while Running in a Cold Environment. Click Here
  • No sex difference in body fat in response to supervised and measured exercise. Click Here

Clinical, Translational, Behavioral Science – Food

  • RCT: Giving Up Chocolate – A Strategy for Combating Hedonic Adaptation. Click Here
  • RCT: Cocoa polyphenols enhance positive mood states but not cognitive performance. Click Here
  • RCT: In a Comparison of Treating Metabolic Acidosis in CKD Stage 4 Hypertensive Kidney Disease with Fruits and Vegetables or Sodium Bicarbonate, those in F&V group lost more weight. Click Here
  • RCT: The effect of two iso-caloric meals containing equal amounts of fats with a different fat composition on the inflammatory and metabolic markers in apparently healthy volunteers. Click Here
  • RCT: Effect of breakfast skipping on diurnal variation of energy metabolism and blood glucose. Click Here
  • Capsinoids and related food ingredients activating brown fat thermogenesis and reducing body fat in humans. Click Here
  • Effect of fat and CHO meals on intermittent exercise in soccer players. Click Here

Clinical, Translational, Behavioral Science – Other

  • The Burden of Guilt: Heavy Backpacks, Light Snacks, and Enhanced Morality. Click Here
  • RCT: Effects of Experimental Sleep Restriction on Caloric Intake and Activity Energy Expenditure. Click Here
  • Area-level deprivation and adiposity in children: is the relationship linear? Click Here
  • RCT: Long-term Effectiveness of a Lifestyle Intervention in Severely Obese Individuals. Click Here
  • RCT: Family intervention focused on effective parenting is associated with decreased child obesity prevalence 3-5 years later. Click Here
  • Home altitude tied to obesity risk. Click Here
  • Intergenerational educational mobility and obesity in adolescence. Click Here
  • RCT: Therapist-led v. self-help parental intervention appear equally effective for treating childhood obesity. Click Here

Energetics, Ecology & Evolution

  • Fat or lean: Adjustment of endogenous energy stores to predictable and unpredictable changes in allostatic load. Click Here
  • Allometry of thermal variables in mammals: consequences of body size and phylogeny. Click Here
  • Experimental demonstration of the growth rate-lifespan trade-off. Click Here

Longevity, Aging, Senescence

  • Metabolic and cellular effects of calorie restriction and whey proteins in experimental obesity. Click Here
  • Role of the hypothalamus in mediating protective effects of dietary restriction during aging. Click Here
  • The prolongation of the lifespan of rats by repeated oral administration of 60 fullerene. Click Here
  • Integrating Metabolism and Longevity Through Insulin and IGF1 Signaling. Click Here

Temperature

  • Hypothesis: Dynamic, periodic and spatial variation in indoor temperature (within and beyond the thermoneutral zone) will positively influence long-term comfort and health. Click Here
  • Impact of nesting material on mouse body temperature and physiology. Click Here
  • Stay cool and live longer? Click Here

Timing/Circadian Effects

  • Time-restricted feeding of rapidly digested starches causes stronger entrainment of the liver clock in PER2::LUCIFERASE knock-in mice. Click Here
  • RCT: Eating carbohydrate mostly at lunch and protein mostly at dinner within a covert hypocaloric diet influences morning glucose homeostasis in overweight/obese men. Click Here

Misinformation in Marketing

  • Alkaline products promise health benefits with little proof to support such claims. Click Here

Research Integrity

  • A proposal for reducing the effect of one of many causes of publication bias. Click Here
  • Authors of observational studies often extrapolate their results to make recommendations concerning a medical practice, typically without first calling for a RCT. Click Here

General Science

Announcements

  • Sam Klein honored by the Academy of Science of St. Louis for his obesity research. Click Here
  • Mark Tremblay awarded Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal. Click Here
  • Briefing: March 21, 2012 “Assessing the Economics of Obesity and Obesity Interventions”. Click Here

To directly join this list, please click here:http://www.soph.uab.edu/energetics/subscribe

AMS
Edmonton, AB